the guide
EMI calculator: how loan EMIs are calculated
By Shivam Bhandari · Reviewed 31 October 2026 · How we write
An EMI (equated monthly instalment) is the fixed amount you pay every month to repay a loan. Each EMI contains some interest and some principal. In the early months most of it is interest; later, most of it repays the principal.
The EMI depends on three things: the loan amount, the interest rate and the tenure. A longer tenure lowers the EMI but increases the total interest you pay.
the formula
EMI = P × r × (1 + r)ⁿ ÷ [(1 + r)ⁿ − 1]
- · P = loan amount; r = monthly interest rate (annual rate ÷ 12 ÷ 100); n = number of monthly instalments.
- · Total interest = EMI × n − P.
Worked example: a ₹10 lakh business loan
- Loan ₹10,00,000 at 9% a year for 5 years (60 months).
- EMI ≈ ₹20,758 per month.
- Total paid ≈ ₹12,45,501, so interest ≈ ₹2,45,501.
- Stretching to 10 years would lower the EMI but nearly double the interest.
Tips
- 1Keep total EMIs comfortably within your monthly cash flow — lenders often look at debt-service ratios.
- 2Prepay when you can; early prepayments save the most interest.
- 3Compare loans on total cost, including processing fees, not just the rate.
- 4Check whether the rate is fixed or floating.
Frequently asked questions
How is EMI calculated?
EMI = P × r × (1 + r)ⁿ ÷ [(1 + r)ⁿ − 1], where P is the loan amount, r the monthly interest rate and n the number of months.
Does a longer tenure reduce interest?
No. A longer tenure lowers the monthly EMI but increases the total interest paid over the loan.
What happens if I prepay my loan?
Prepayment reduces the outstanding principal, which cuts future interest. Check your loan agreement for any prepayment charges.
Is the EMI the same for the whole loan?
For fixed-rate loans, yes. For floating-rate loans, lenders may change the EMI or tenure when rates change.